Four is the new five.  Are 4-day fixtures good for test cricket?

Four is the new five. Are 4-day fixtures good for test cricket?

The first official test match was played at the MCG in 1877. It is a myth that test cricket was always played in the current 5-day format. In the first 50 years of test cricket, the matches were mostly played over 3 days in England while Australia used to host ‘timeless tests’- matches that were played till we got a result. From 1912 onwards, the series decider matchesin England were also converted to timeless tests. In the 1930s, England upgraded the Ashes to 4-day fixtures, a status not given then to matches involving other teams. From 1948 onwards, Ashes tests in England moved to the 5-day format, while other teams started playing 4-day tests from 1950. India started with 4-days tests in the 1930s, after which we played 5-day matches for some time before moving back to 4-day tests for a while. Similarly, the other test playing nations in those days were also alternating between different formats. With test cricket eventually gravitating to the current 5–day format, the last 4-day test match of the 20th century was played as recently as 1973 in New Zealand, when the hosts played Pakistan. In 2017, South Africa hosted a 4-day test match against Zimbabwe; a match that lasted only 2 days; while the Lord’s was the venue to a 4-day fixture between England and Ireland in 2019. Over 2300 test matches have been played till date and 82% of them were 5-day fixtures.  The number of matches played per year in modern day cricket is much higher than in the earlier days because we now have 12 test playing nations. So the current 5-day format is the result of an evolutionary process; and evolution is something that will not stop. The 70s saw the advent of limited overs cricket; and today, white ball cricket has changed the face of the game. With the ICC looking seriously into 4-day tests, it could be a reflection of the way the game has evolved. Many stalwarts have spoken out against this idea and there are always two sides to an argument.

The new 4-day format stipulates 98 overs in a day’s play, as against the current 90. So, with a theoretical possibility of 392 overs, we are losing 58 overs from the current 5-day version, which is almost two sessions of play. Follow-on can be enforced with a lead of 150 runs, as against 200. From 1877 to 1999, 60% of 5-day tests gave decisive results, while from this century onwards, this ratio moved to 80%. In this period from 2000, the average length of play in a test match with a clear verdict, is around 320 overs, which is less than 4 full days. In the matches in this time frame that ended in draws, the average length of play was 360 overs, indicating that one day’s play was lost due to weather. Only 4 out of 39 tests played in 2019 weredrawn; all rain-affected. While these numbers are indicative of a faster pace at which cricket is being played these days, they just tell the ‘physics’ behind the shift to 4-day tests, they may not say anything about the ‘chemistry’ – how the players will play differently in a 4-day affair.

To start with, 98 overs a day is gong to stretch the bowling resources more. Batsmen will have more reasons to play positively; there could be more run-a-ball centuries. On the other hand, there is more room for the trailing team to hide behind a draw, giving us some gutsy and defensive innings too. We are denying the spinners their 5th day‘rough’ in the wicket, the sort of rough that makes Nathan a Lyon in his den. We would miss matches like the recent SA vs ENG thriller at Newlands; on the other hand matches that would go into day 4 these dayswith an imminent win round the corner for one of the teams, could go into the last session of a 4-day test with more than one result possible; this is because of a general tendency for matches to end sooner. From the point of view of the administrators, 5-day matches with more unutilized playing time is a big waste of money and other resources. While drawing up the cricketing calendar for the year, 4-day format would free up many days as well. This could be invaluable considering the multi-format international schedules as well as franchise cricket all over the world. There could be better Planned vs Actual performance when it comes to playing days, schedules and certain business aspects.

ODI, T20 and franchise cricket have created a new growth curve for a game that is on the path of globalization. Limited overs cricket has already shifted a lot of limelight away from test cricket. However, for many fans, test cricket is the unadulterated version, making it the real deal and the highest format of the game. For many decades, test cricket meant only the 5-day version and a departure from that might mean the loss of many nuances that make it what it is. Still, when we evaluate whether there is a case for 4-day tests, we should consider the possible upsides and the way the game is being played these days. Change is never comfortable; whether 4-day matches will kill test cricket or whether it will save it, is something we will know only if we try it out.

With more teams playing test cricket, there is a huge gap in standards between the top teams and the others. 4-day tests can be a good way to initiate therelative newcomers; even the other teams can also try out the format by including it as the odd match in a long series, just like the way we look at pink ball tests. Once we have a bigger sample size, we will get a better picture of the impact of 4-day test matches. This is not an advocacy for the abrogation of 5-day tests; it is ratheran argument on how we could try out the shorter version even as we continue with the traditional format. Can we have two formats co-existing? Take a look at men’s tennis; we have best of 3 tournaments round the year and the best of 5 format is now restricted to the Grand Slams only. I love test cricket, it is classic. While T20 and franchise cricket are here to stay, we need to do what it takes to save test cricket. Heritage venues and traditions are integral parts of test cricket; I would like a Boxing Day Ashes fixture at the MCG to be definitely a 5-day encounter. Can you imagine a best of 3 Wimbledon Men’s Singles Finals?

Vishnu Govind

As a professional, he is passionate about building brands and businesses. As a sports enthusiast, he brings in his bias for data-driven approach while analysing the happenings on the cricket field.

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  3. Author - Vishnu Govind

    Thanks Prasad. Nice observations from you.

  4. Author - Prasad M

    “Can you imagine a best of 3 Wimbledon Men’s Singles Finals?”, that told the whole story. Test cricket is all about encounter between bat and ball and I feel that this 4 day format will tilt Test cricket too in favor of batsmen. Author has done a good research into the details of Test cricket. Though irrelevant, I would like to bring to notice the “rest day” which existed in 5 day Test cricket years back.

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